What characterizes a series circuit?

In a series circuit, the defining characteristic is that components are connected end-to-end. This configuration means that the same current flows through each component sequentially, as there are no alternative paths for the current to take. If one component fails, the whole circuit is interrupted, thus stopping the flow of current altogether.

This series arrangement results in the total voltage across the circuit being the sum of the individual voltages across each component. It is important in various applications where the sequence of components is critical to the operation of the circuit, such as in string lights, where the failure of one bulb can lead to the entire string going dark.

The other options do not align with this fundamental property of series circuits. Components in a parallel arrangement do not provide the sequential current flow characteristic of series circuits. Interruptions in current flow do occur in series circuits when components fail, but the statement regarding current not flowing applies only when there is a break in the circuit. The idea that only one component can be used is also misleading, as series circuits can consist of multiple components connected in this end-to-end manner.