How is a short circuit defined?

A short circuit is defined as a low-resistance connection between two conductors that allows an unusually high amount of current to flow through the circuit. This phenomenon occurs when the normal pathway for electrical flow is bypassed, which can happen if there is a fault in the wiring, such as damaged insulation or broken connections. As a result, the excess current can lead to overheating, damage to electrical components, and even fire hazards.

In terms of electrical theory, a normal circuit has a certain level of resistance that helps regulate the flow of current to the connected devices. However, in the case of a short circuit, the resistance is significantly reduced, leading to a surge in current that can create dangerous conditions. Understanding this concept is critical for electricians to prevent accidents and ensure safety in electrical installations.